May 26 to 27, the first Sino-US Forum on Renewable Energy Industry and Sino-US Forum of advanced biofuels, opened in Beijing, “China-US renewable energy partnership” cooperation related to the official launch. At the meeting, the two sides on the future development of renewable energy the future of Sino-US cooperation in the field can be explored in great depth, and initially set to wind power and other renewable energy power generation network and the second generation of large-scale and non-food bio-fuel technology areas such as R & D key areas of future cooperation.
May 26 at the U.S. renewable energy industry, the opening ceremony of the National Development and Reform Commission deputy director, National Energy Secretary Zhang pointed out, large-scale wind turbines and solar power development on the access issues raised new challenges, and network hard problem has restricted the size of China’s wind power industry, a major obstacle to development.
Zhang expressed the hope that use of “American renewable energy partnership,” the platform, with the U.S. business and related research institutions work together to carry out wind power and other renewable energy power generation and large-scale grid energy storage technology.
U.S. Ambassador Jon Huntsman said in its statement, the United States Renewable Energy Laboratory has with China in the wind power industry has a good technical basis for cooperation, the future of renewable energy power generation projects for further cooperation.
According to the latest statistics, as of the end of 2009, the U.S. wind power installed capacity has reached 35 million kilowatts, accounting for the United States 1.8% of total electricity generation, PV power installed capacity of 11 million kilowatts. As of the end of 2009 China’s wind power generators installed capacity of 25.8 million kilowatts, accounting for about 1% of total power generation, photovoltaic power generation capacity of 750 million kilowatts. Concerned that the U.S. renewable energy accounts for the proportion of total power production was lower, demonstrating both large-scale renewable energy power generation and network technology R & D has a broad space for cooperation.
In response, State Institute of net energy gap in the forum Bai Jianhua, Deputy Chief Economist accept the “China Energy Report” interview, said that the current large-scale wind generators development in China need to optimize the power structure, increase the peaking intensity.
At the same time, through system optimization analysis, by 2020 the country’s cooperation in the development of wind power is about 102 million kilowatts scale. If the time to reach 150 million kilowatts of wind power installed capacity of the scale of need in-depth study on the optimal development plan. Bai Jianhua said, which provided for the two sides for cooperation.
Bai Jianhua that the United States in wind generators and network problems on a large scale areas of cooperation should include: a large-scale wind power grid and Absorptive planning methods and network technical standards, clean energy power ancillary services pricing and compensation Machine policy mechanisms and the only network-related technology research. “We have to study and network problems before have fully drawn on the experiences of Europe and the United States and other countries, Sino-US cooperation will further promote the introduction of foreign advanced technology.” He said.
26, the opening ceremony, the two sides signed, including aviation biofuels, natural gas, distributed energy, smart meters, the field of cellulosic ethanol, the five eight cooperation agreements between the government and enterprises. A day earlier, the second round of China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue in Beijing. During the meeting, the collective results obtained 26, the two sides that “agreed May 26 to 27 at the first ‘American Renewable Energy Forum’, ‘Sino-US Forum of advanced biofuels,’”, thus, the formal convening of the Forum come into being.
Zhang pointed out that the recent years, with renewable energy policies and regulations and improve the market mechanism, work together to promote the rapid development of industry. Some domestic areas of wind power and photovoltaic manufacturing companies have listed overseas, the global wind power and photovoltaic manufacturing, “giant” also have to enter the Chinese renewable energy market, the favorable situation, the full benefit from the introduction and absorption of foreign advanced technology and investment policies , where renewable energy has become the most important career development experience, and will continue to carry out.
National Energy Board Chief Engineer Wu china wind turbines stressed at the forum also said that Sino-US energy environment and are faced with the challenge of climate change, developing renewable energy sources is a common choice between the two countries, bilateral energy cooperation is the greatest consensus.
The face of wind power equipment by the National Development and Reform Commission included in the list of six major overcapacity in the industry background, Shanghai, the main force of the wind power equipment manufacturers – Shanghai Electric Wind Power Equipment Company to speed up product upgrading, R & D capabilities, and strive to achieve Shanghai wind power generators new breakthroughs.
It is understood that the national wind power equipment company has more than 80, including 39 central enterprises, 23 private enterprises, others are joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises, resulting in low power products in an increasingly competitive land-based fans. The first echelon of the industry is currently in Sinovel, Dongfang Electric and other occupied first-mover advantage and scale of the whole network; while there are many new entrants to the central level, adequate financial strength, deep customer relationships.
Sea fan is a fan of the next development, Shanghai Electric R & D earlier, Shanghai is also more suitable for the establishment of local sea wind. At present, the Shanghai Electric Wind Power companies are stepping up R & D has fully achieved self-designed 3.6MW of sea fans. The first prototype for the first half of next year, offline, to seize the initiative in the sea fan market. Shanghai Electric wind generators manufacturing base in the port basically completed by the end of the layout, form 1000, the annual production capacity of 1.85 million kilowatts.
Fans in the land area of Shanghai Electric also accelerated the pace of product updates. End of last year successfully developed with independent intellectual property rights of 2MW fan, with 87 m and 93 m wind round the standards, has completed the low temperature resistance, anti-dust type, highland type, anti-spray type, intertidal zone type, anti-typhoon offshore-based and other series of design and product development. With the 2MW onshore fans in Jiangsu after a successful trial run, firms have been wind turbines awarded contracts with hundreds of 2MW fan, Shenhua, Datang, State Power, Huadian Power and other major companies have become a major customer. Next year, more than 800 fans in production, 2MW fans over 1.25MW fan, a leading products to meet the growing domestic construction of large scale wind farm the size of demand. Shanghai Electric Group also used industrial advantages, self-critical components, focused on creating fan chain. Generator, inverter, have been used in fan production, hydraulic station, the main controller, in prototype in a large bearing.
The United Nations Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) executive board (EB), said executive vice president of tower, EB program two weeks after the meeting in Bonn, Germany, on the refusal by the United Nations Register of China Wind Power CDM Project discussion, I look forward to a conclusion.
EB official website shows, EB 54 meeting will be May 24 to 28 at.
The rapid development of wind power, in large part to benefit from CDM, according to the Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) statistics, as of the end of 2009, China has registered wind CDM projects, accounting for nearly one-third of the total number of CDM projects .
“Additionality” controversy
The reason why China’s Wind Power CDM projects registered by the United Nations rejected the controversy mainly in the “additionality” issue.
CDM additionality can be interpreted as, CDM project activity emission reductions relative to baseline is additional, that such project activities without external support under CDM (CERs income), there are specific financial benefits, financing channels barriers, difficult to implement through domestic conditions, it is difficult to achieve corresponding reductions. The CDM’s support to help alleviate and overcome these obstacles, making the project to be implemented.
EB CDM wind power project in China’s challenge to an additional rise due to price, thereby affecting the project’s registration.
In early December 2009 the end of EB 51 meeting, China has 10 CDM wind power genertators project by the United Nations refused registration in the wind CDM project approval history, this is the first time. To February 2010, EB 52 meeting, the previous rejection of the 10 wind power projects in China, there are two approved for registration, but there are 6 other wind power projects rejected, rejected China’s wind power 14 the total number of CDM projects.
So far, about six months later, things still do not have a conclusion.
Long Yuan Electric Power Group Corporation Xiechang Jun told reporters in the rejection of the 10 CDM projects in China, wind power, of which 5 projects are Longyuan belongs, “We think we have to declare the project is in line with United Nations standards of CDM registration shall be given to our registration, we propose the application, and now there is no final outcome. ”
“This is because the CDM rules, projects must have additionality.” explained to reporters, said Tower. That is, audit experts said some parts of China, the provincial government, the project provided assistance to enable access to the Internet price of wind power is lower than five years ago. In other words, China’s wind power electricity price is the Government’s carefully designed to reduce the price of the project through additional nature of cash in subsidies through the CDM mechanism to replace the existing government subsidies.
“We are not accused China’s wind turbines industry, just want to find a solution.” Tower said.
Need to improve the efficiency of EB
From December 2009 China Wind Power CDM Project 10 “refused” to the present, is almost six months, and the United Nations still does not have a conclusion.
tower said, EB plans two weeks in Bonn, Germany, the EB meeting, on the refusal to register by the United Nations CDM projects in China to discuss wind power, then there may be a conclusion.
“This issue is our highest priority agenda, once a conclusion, will apply to all projects, all countries.” tower said, EB will be based on the conclusion of the wind one by one CDM project validation .
However, he pointed out, can not guarantee when we will be able to conclude, if there is no conclusion in June of the next EB meeting for further discussion on this topic.
This rhythm, obviously can not meet the aspirations of the applicant.
“This will affect the project’s progress, even if the project ultimately approved, but two years have passed, time is precious.” NDRC Energy Research Institute, Yang Hongwei, director of project management, CDM EB can hope to speed up the rate review.
At the meeting, tower acknowledged need to improve the efficiency of the United Nations, “our system is too bureaucratic, and review is too slow, because a large part of the efficiency of the United Nations system is not too high.”
8, American Wind Energy Association said in a report in the government, society and business efforts, the United States in the development of wind energy in recent years has achieved significant results, wind energy has become the major clean energy.
Data provided by the association last year, wind power generation in American history is the fastest growing of the year. During the year, the U.S. wind power generation facilities to produce new 10 000-megawatt electricity, enough to 2.4 million families live electricity. America now has a total of more than 200 wind power generation facilities with a total generating capacity of 35,000 MW. In the development of wind power, Iowa State and Texas in the U.S. states of impressive.
Reported that the benefits of wind power over: First of all, wind power generation to reduce the use of fossil fuels, contribute to greenhouse gas emissions; Secondly, since the wind turbines to reduce the traditional power of water each year for the United States save a lot of water resources; third , wind power provides more employment opportunities, the current development of the nation in wind energy at about 8.5 million people, all over the states.
Report pointed out that with the further promotion of wind energy, the federal government the need for the development of uniform standards for wind energy to replace the current standard states went their own ways.
Norwegian energy giant – the Norwegian State Petroleum Hydro Corporation (StatoilHydro) 9 月 8 announced the world’s first floating-type wind power station in Norway’s North Sea coast near the opening.
According to Hydro, the Norwegian State oil company, the wind turbine, called “Hywind”, 65 meters high, weighs 5,300 tons, is located in the southwest coast of Norway near the Kamo Yi Island (Karmoey) 10 km. Hywind generator set on a floating platform, raft through the three submarine cables and fixed, which in the water and rocks as ballast. Norwegian State Oil Hydro companies in the next two years Hywind generator test, and then seek international partners to build more of the floating wind power generator.
The company, Japan, Korea, California and the East Coast and Spain as a potential market, to bring this new technology exported to these areas. Hywind wind turbine can be used in water depths from 120 to 700 meters of the sea, and, compared to the current fixed wind turbines can also be placed farther offshore.
Norway’s national oil company Hydro Man Linke, said in an interview, floating wind power generator has a “lot of great advantage.” She said: “It is nearly invisible from the shore, the existence of other people can not put into place. We can use wind turbines in some countries, such as shore deep water, in particular countries, or no wind on the ground construction the engine room of the country. ”
Hywind generating capacity of wind turbines 2.3 MW, the total investment 400 million kroner (66 million U.S. dollars), far higher than the fixed wind turbines. Stroman Link said: “Our goal is to float the cost of wind power generator wind turbine down to a fixed level, which is currently installed in water depths of 60 meters.” France Dekenipu company (Technip) and Germany’s Siemens are involved in Hywind wind turbine project. Norway’s national oil company Hydro said, Hywind wind turbine is expected to start generating electricity within a few weeks.
Wind turbine bearings can be divided into three categories, namely: yaw bearings, pitch bearings, transmission bearings (main shaft and gearbox bearings). Yaw bearings installed in the tower’s junction with the cockpit, pitch bearings installed in each blade root and hub joints. Each wind turbine equipment bearings and a set of three pitch yaw bearing (part of the megawatt-class wind power generator for the following non-adjustable blades, can not pitch bearing).
A code method
Wind turbine yaw, pitch bearings, code-named methods used JB/T10471-2004 method in the code wheel bearing, but in wind turbine yaw, pitch bearings double row appears in four point contact ball wheel bearings This structure bearing the code is not provided in JB/T10471-2004, therefore, an increase of double the standard four-point contact ball bearing turntable code. As the single-row four point contact ball bearing turntable with a 01 structure type code that, while the structure type code 02 that is double reducer ball turntable bearing structure, so that the provisions of 03-row four point contact ball bearing turntable structure.
2 Technical Requirements
2.1 Materials
This standard provides yaw, pitch bearing ring of material selection 42CrMo, treatment with the overall quenching, after quenching hardness 229HB-269HB, part roller surface quenching, quenching hardness of 55HRC-62HRC. As the wind turbine yaw, pitch bearings complicated by force, and bearing to withstand the shock and vibration relatively large, therefore, required to withstand the impact of both bearing and can withstand a greater load. Host life requirements wind turbines 20 years, bearing the cost of installation, so the required yaw, pitch bearing life have reached 20 years. Bearing this matrix hardness 229HB-269HB, able to withstand the impact without the risk of plastic deformation, while parts of the surface roller quenching hardness reached 55HRC-62HRC, increase the contact fatigue life, in order to ensure long bearing life requirements.
Low-temperature impact energy of 2.2
The standard yaw, pitch wheel bearing rings at low temperature impact energy requirements: -20 ℃ Akv not less than 27J, cold under the Akv value can be determined in consultation with users. Wind generators may work in very cold areas, the ambient temperature is about as low as -40 bar, bearing the working temperature is about -20 ~ C, bearing at low temperature must be able to withstand large impact load, therefore, required bearing rings The material in the quenched and low temperature impact energy tests must be done, taking on the part of the bearing rings made of sample or the same performance and with rings under the same conditions of sample treatment, in the -20 ~ C environment do impact function test.
2.3 Bearing Gear
As the wind generators bearing drive accuracy is not high, and the larger ring gear diameter, gear modulus larger, and consequently, the accuracy of the general level of gear required by GB/T10095.2—2001 of 9 or 10. However, due to work under the pinion and ring gear bearings between the impact, therefore, bearing ring gear tooth surface should be hardened, small gear tooth surface hardness generally 60HRC, taking into account other life design, a large gear tooth surface quenching hardness requirements not be less than 45HRC.
2020 total installed capacity of wind power in China will reach 150 million kilowatts, released in 2007, “Renewable Energy and long-term development plan” target 5 times. National Energy Board to determine the 10 million kilowatts of wind power base in planning, to ensure planning of 10 million kilowatts in wind power base is completed, China in 2020 could reach 100 million kilowatts of installed capacity.
According to the plan, China will in Gansu, Xinjiang, Hebei, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu and six provinces to create 7 million kilowatts wind power bases. Jiuquan wind power generators base of 10 million kilowatts of total installed capacity building programs 35.65 million kilowatts; Xinjiang Hami planning 20 million kilowatts; Inner Mongolia plans to build 50 million kilowatts, of which 20 million kilowatts West Inner Mongolia and East 30 million kilowatts; Hebei planning in coastal and Construction of the northern region of 10 million kilowatts; Jiangsu Province plans to build 10 million kilowatts, of which offshore 7 million kilowatts; Jilin west, mainly in the loose source and Baicheng City, planning to reach 23 million kilowatts by 2020.
Jiuquan, Gansu Province
Jiuquan wind power base is the planning and construction of our first 10 million kilowatts of wind power demonstration bases, is also the country following the West-East, West, East oil transportation, electric power, and the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the western region development is another sign of project. National Energy Board for approval in accordance with the plan, 10 million kilowatts of Jiuquan wind power base in the “Eleventh Five-Year” weekend installed capacity of 5.16 million kilowatts built; “12 5″ at the end and then add installed capacity of 7.55 million kilowatts, the cumulative installed capacity of 12.71 million kilowatts.
Jiuquan wind energy resource reserves of 150 million kilowatts total, the volume can be developed more than 40 million kilowatts, can use an area of nearly 1 million square kilometers. 10 m height of the wind power density of 250-310 watts per square meter more than the average wind speed at 5.7 meters per second or more, the annual number of hours full-load power generation up to 2300 hours, non-destructive wind speed, wind energy use on extremely favorable, suitable for building large-scale grid-based wind farms.
Jiuquan wind turbines base of 10 million kilowatts is the planning and construction of the first office in China, the world’s largest wind power project of great significance and far-reaching effects, is destined to be stored in the new history of China’s energy industry. 1,200 billion in total investment.
According to the latest news, Jiuquan wind turbine generators equipment, high-tech industrial country of bases listed on the 12th of this month.
Hami
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is the country’s most abundant wind energy resources in one region of Hami in eastern Xinjiang, the eastern end of the Tianshan Mountains, with a total area of 139,000 square km, the wind power density ≥ 150W/m2 an area of 45,664 square kilometers, wind energy technology exploitation amount to 64.988 million kilowatts. According to wind engineering geology, access to electric power systems, transportation, construction and installation, natural environment, land, and the progress of the preliminary work of wind power, Hami Hami 2020 preliminary planning and construction of the southeast, Santanghu and nom 3 large-scale wind farm, planning to reach 10 million kilowatts of capacity or more.
Inner Mongolia
Abundant wind energy resources in Inner Mongolia is China’s wind power industry, one of the fastest growing regions, wind energy technology development capacity of the region more than 150 million kilowatts, accounting for land-based wind energy resource reserves more than 50%. Grid wind power installed capacity of the region has been for 6 years to over 100% growth rate, the current wind power capacity of about one third of the country’s total, ranking first in the country.
As of March 31, Union City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has five wind power installed capacity of more than 1 million kilowatts, becoming the first nation has five million kilowatts of wind power base in the provinces. Inner Mongolia Electric Power Industry Association, according to data provided by: the current installed capacity of wind power in Inner Mongolia reached 7.3089 million kilowatts, has been ahead of schedule and exceeded this year’s wind power installed capacity to 700 million kilowatts of planning objectives, capacity ranks first in the country bit. Among them, the Inner Mongolia Wind Power and net installed capacity of 1,408,400 kilowatts, is the installed capacity of wind power in Inner Mongolia up to the Union City, and four more than 1 million kilowatts of Union City, Xilin Gol League, respectively, Bayannur City, Chifeng and Tongliao, and network capacity is 1,323,600 kilowatts, respectively, 1.2364 million kilowatts, 1,208,300 kilowatts and 1,088,100 kilowatts.
National Energy Secretary Zhang pointed out, and Inner Mongolia have the building “wind of the Three Gorges” conditions. To the “Eleventh Five”, Inner Mongolia, wind power installed capacity will reach 8 million kilowatts, to the “12 5″ at the end, will reach about 20 million kilowatts. 2020, eastern Mongolia, the western region together will exceed the planned total installed capacity of 50 million kilowatts.
Into the China Pavilion, wonderful everywhere, always praise sounded, especially the third stage “Imagine the Future”, the audience’s enthusiastic interaction with the China Pavilion memorable.
Follow the orderly flow of people moving forward, walk 49 meters to 100 meters of the sound amplification Department giant optical system of the “painting”, as well as Ming Qiu English version of a national treasure, “Qingming Festival”, is heard the shutter ” Kacha Kacha “sound and an amazing piece of sound; walk 41 meters Office, and replace electric car started” riding “tour, 10 minutes, we crossed the winding up and down the bridge of time for thousands of years; in Imagine kids paintings city of the future formation of channels, we went to 33 meters – a low-carbon action Pavilion. Originally thought that the display area will be very boring, but look and found I was wrong. The first is a series of shocking people rushing toward the data, and then appear in a mist of green technology gives hope, then, is a row of slim wind turbine, the oil extracted from algae in equipment, swaying up and down The solar template … … the audience was very active movement of the sensor have to squeeze onto the wave, driven wind power, solar light template turn.
There is also a gathering place for visitors is the point of the electric vehicle development. Both small size electric vehicles, saving the steering wheel are only 3 / 5 round. Instructors are confident to say that petrol cars are not environmentally friendly electric vehicles in the future is dominated by a quarter of an hour can be sufficient good power, speed 120 km … … only 10 minutes, 34 dial around over the audience, people keep asking: How much is one? When listing? It seems to be visiting the automobile market. Knowing audience bursts of laughter from time to time came. Yes ah, the future of urban life can not do without basic necessities, no wonder people are so concerned about.
Small wind turbines have been in constant progress in technology, but rich wind energy resources around the face of different natural reality, and how to ensure sustainable and stable small power supply fan, solve the new energy “is dependent on” the problem has been Hummer technology research focus. Hummingbird’s products not only satisfy users of electricity 24 hours a day, all year round and stable power supply, but also reduce costs, bring real benefits to users.
Hummer wind and solar system since the market after the critically acclaimed and widely applied to street lighting, landscape lighting, traffic control, large-scale advertising, household electricity and other fields, the completion of the complementary system of natural resources; has a large market needs. However, due to environmental factors more serious, in the products on the stability and efficiency even under full effort,Hummer wind turbines rely on technology to make the brand!
Project approved by the SASAC, the State Long Yuan Electric Power Group Co., Ltd. invested 3.0 billion wind energy wind power plant construction settled Lai’an, in April to complete planning and design work is now under construction.
Wind power stations in the North Down area Lai’an Yang Ying township and the surrounding territory of the four forest within the building by the provincial Bureau of Meteorology wind tower test, the amount the township’s geography and wind conditions are suitable for building wind power generators plants. In October 2009 in Beijing, and the State Government in Daqing City Power Group signed a cooperation agreement investment and construction. Six phases of the project construction, total investment of 3.0 billion, by the end of 2010 to complete five, building flight 133, the completion of 2 billion yuan investment, installed capacity of 200 MW. Measuring point has been completed and the base of geophysical, ground exploration work, the first wind turbine is expected by the end of September 2010 test run power generation, l2 was officially put into operation, annual capacity 200 000 degrees. The implementation of this project in the region and tourism development of tertiary industry played a significant role in driving.
